How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a symptom only of children, however it can affect adults too. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can improve their life.
An evaluation for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist may look over old school records to see whether symptoms began in childhood.
Symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that can affect school, work and family life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organized at times. To be able to identify the disorder, one must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly impair everyday functioning. The symptoms must be present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and ask about family history and medical problems. They can also use rating systems to gauge symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are usually built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These questionnaires ask about the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
For adults, doctors might request a conversation with a significant other or people who are familiar with the patient. This isn't meant to challenge honesty, but to gain insight into the person's behavior that cannot be obtained from an interview. They may also ask about their childhood behavior, and look at the old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will perform an examination and tests on the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the person's list of medications. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. It's important that adults talk to their primary healthcare providers if they suspect they may be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD the symptoms must be evident in at least two settings (such as home, school and at work) and interfere with functioning. They should also have been diagnosed at the age of 12 and the impairment must not be due to another disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional or doctor will employ a variety of tools during an evaluation which include ADHD symptoms checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a thorough history. They may interview friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They'll ask if the symptoms are similar to other mental health conditions or physical ailments.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the person's medical and family history to determine if there are underlying causes for their issue, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some instances the examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People who suffer from these issues often present very differently from those who do not have them. For instance, boys tend to have hyperactive symptoms while girls inattentive symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical study to try out new treatments. This is an excellent opportunity to further research. However, participants must be aware that the main goal of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and is not an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect that you may have ADHD Find a doctor who is certified to recognize the disorder. Contact your health insurance provider to find out whether ADHD specialists are covered, and then seek referrals from your family doctor or other health professionals. he has a good point -of-mouth recommendations are an option.
A doctor will interview the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about symptoms. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and may also ask other people in the patient's life for information, such as their spouses and families. Personal insights can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the person's past, and to be able to identify the condition, symptoms must be present since the age of a child (technically prior to age 12).
Physical examinations are also often performed. It will look for any other medical problems that could be responsible for the symptoms, for example, thyroid problems or seizure disorders. A neurological examination is often conducted by the expert to check the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test the ability to think and be smart could be utilized. In addition one could be asked to complete simple computer tasks that test memory and attention. This could help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive or impulsive. The expert will determine the diagnosis and suggest treatment. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy ways to cope and change unhelpful thought patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve by taking medication. However this isn't the only method of treating the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination can be beneficial to children, teens as well as adults. These therapies assist them to cope and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. They can include psychoeducation, which is a form of education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can also include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is essential to locate a mental health professional or health care provider who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can ask for suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or perform an online search. It is essential to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
The health care provider will ask you or your child about symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination and check for other health problems that could cause similar symptoms. They will go over your or your child's medical and family history, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is primarily designed to diagnose children, has a more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider will talk to you or your child regarding their symptoms, and may ask other people who spend many hours with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD have co-occurring disorders, such as anxiety or depression. This is why treatment should be based on therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment which teaches techniques such as time and task management and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. For instance exercising regularly can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthier diet is important as well. People suffering from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Lastly making relationships with family and friends prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to understand their challenges. For instance, a child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to peers and teachers however, when a teacher realizes that it's not personal or due to inattention accommodations can be implemented.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are geared to the person's age, talk to family members and teachers, read medical records, and look for any comorbidities. For adults, school records might help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
The expert will also check for any hearing or vision problems with hearing or vision. The doctor may also perform an analysis of blood to check for specific hormones and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like symptoms.